Bigorexia, or muscle dysmorphia, is a condition that predominantly affects teenage boys and young men, challenging the common perception that body image disorders are primarily a female issue. This misconception persists despite growing evidence and expert warnings about the disorder’s prevalence among males.
Dr. Jason Nagata, an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco, emphasizes the under-recognition of eating disorders in boys, noting that many healthcare professionals remain unaware of these issues. “Eating disorders in boys are under-recognized, under-diagnosed, and under-treated,” Nagata explains, highlighting the gender bias in existing research and diagnostic criteria.
What is Bigorexia?
Bigorexia, also known as muscle dysmorphia or reverse anorexia, manifests when individuals become obsessed with gaining muscle mass. Dr. Nagata describes it as a condition where individuals perceive themselves as puny despite having significant muscle mass. According to Joseph Trunzo, a clinical psychologist at Bryant University, approximately 90% of those affected are young men aged 15 to 32.
While a muscular physique might not raise immediate concerns, the obsession can lead to severe physical and mental health issues. Below, we explore the subtle signs of bigorexia and offer guidance for those who suspect a loved one may be affected.
Signs and Symptoms of Bigorexia
1. Compulsive Exercise
Exercise is beneficial when balanced, but for those with bigorexia, it becomes an obsession. Trunzo warns that excessive hours spent at the gym or home gym setups can be a red flag. These individuals focus on muscle gain rather than stamina or weight loss, often feeling guilt when not exercising.
2. Social Withdrawal
Muscle dysmorphia can disrupt daily life and social interactions. Dr. Nagata notes that young men may prioritize fitness routines over social activities, leading to a noticeable decline in their quality of life and functioning.
3. Rigid Dieting
Individuals with bigorexia often adhere to strict dietary rules, focusing on calorie and macro counting. Trunzo explains that deviations from their diet can lead to frustration and anger, with some resorting to “cheat days” that mimic binge eating behaviors.
4. Inadequate Nutrition
Despite high levels of exercise, those with bigorexia may not consume enough food to sustain their activity, risking malnutrition. Dr. Nagata highlights the dangers of entering a starvation state due to insufficient caloric intake.
5. Excessive Supplement Use
Many young people with bigorexia rely on supplements and protein powders, often without understanding the lack of regulation in this market. Nagata advises seeking USP or NSF-certified products for safety assurance.
6. Anabolic Steroid Use
The use of anabolic steroids is a significant concern, as these substances can cause severe health issues, including heart, liver, and kidney damage. Dr. Nagata warns of “roid rage,” a term for the aggression linked to steroid use.
7. Mirror Checking
Constantly checking one’s appearance is a common behavior among those with eating disorders, including bigorexia. Trunzo describes this as an obsessive habit, not just a casual glance in the mirror.
The Role of Social Media
Social media plays a significant role in perpetuating body image issues. Unlike previous generations, today’s youth have constant access to the curated lives of celebrities and influencers, which can distort their perception of reality. Trunzo suggests that parents engage with their children about these influences, explaining the artificial nature of many online images.
Addressing Bigorexia
Recognizing bigorexia as a serious mental health condition is crucial. Dr. Nagata advises seeking professional help if concerns arise, starting with a primary care provider or pediatrician. An interdisciplinary approach, involving mental health, medical, and nutritional support, is often most effective.
Understanding and addressing bigorexia requires awareness and proactive engagement. By recognizing the signs and fostering open discussions, we can better support those affected and challenge the stereotypes surrounding body image disorders.