Cambodia and Thailand signed an expanded ceasefire agreement on Sunday, aimed at solidifying peace along their disputed border. This development follows a ceasefire initiated in July 2023, which was facilitated by U.S. President Donald Trump, who utilized the leverage of potential tariffs to encourage both nations to cease hostilities. The renewed agreement was finalized during the annual summit of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The agreement includes significant measures, such as the release of 18 Cambodian soldiers previously held by Thailand and commitments to withdraw heavy weaponry from the 800-kilometer border region. The area has been a source of contention for decades, although recent clashes had escalated, resulting in numerous fatalities and the displacement of thousands.
ASEAN Summit Highlights
During the summit, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet and Thai Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul participated in the signing ceremony, witnessed by President Trump. This marks a critical moment in regional diplomacy, as both leaders demonstrated a commitment to peace and cooperation in Southeast Asia.
The summit also welcomed East Timor’s Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao, who celebrated his country’s admission to ASEAN as a “dream realized.” This expansion, the first since the 1990s, provides East Timor access to an economic community comprising approximately 680 million people and a combined economy valued at $3.8 trillion. Gusmao expressed optimism about the opportunities this membership brings for trade and investment, particularly as East Timor seeks to diversify its economy.
Challenges Ahead for East Timor
Despite the excitement surrounding East Timor’s accession, challenges persist. Analysts, including Joanne Lin from the ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, noted that the nation’s administrative capabilities still lag behind those of many existing ASEAN members. Full participation will necessitate ongoing technical and financial support from both the ASEAN secretariat and its member states.
“The inclusion of Timor-Leste brings new energy and perspectives, especially regarding youth empowerment and democratic governance,” Lin stated. As the nation grapples with high unemployment rates and poverty, which affects 42% of its population, the need for sustainable development remains urgent.
The participation of leaders from various nations, including Chinese Premier Li Qiang and Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, underscored the summit’s significance. President Trump’s attendance marks his first visit to Asia since returning to the White House, where he is expected to engage in discussions about trade agreements and regional cooperation.
As the situation evolves, the expanded ceasefire between Cambodia and Thailand, alongside East Timor’s entry into ASEAN, signifies a pivotal moment for regional stability and cooperation. Both agreements reflect a commitment to fostering peace and economic growth in a region marked by historical tensions.