A recent study highlights a concerning connection between poor olfactory function and an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among older adults. The research, published on October 30 in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, was led by Keran W. Chamberlin, Ph.D., from Michigan State University.
The analysis involved a retrospective examination of data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, which included 5,142 participants aged 65 and older who did not have a prior diagnosis of CHD. Olfactory function was assessed using a 12-item odor identification test, categorizing participants into groups of good, moderate, and poor olfaction.
Over a follow-up period of 9.6 years, researchers documented 280 new cases of CHD, representing 5.4% of the participants. The findings indicated a significant association between poor olfaction and an elevated risk for developing CHD. Specifically, those with poor olfactory function demonstrated an adjusted marginal risk ratio of 2.06 during the second year of follow-up, with values decreasing but remaining significant over time.
Detailed Findings and Implications
The study’s results showed that the risk ratios for CHD in individuals with poor olfaction compared to those with good olfaction were consistently elevated across the follow-up period. These ratios included 2.02, 1.59, 1.22, and 1.08 at years 4, 6, 8, and 9 respectively. Notably, a weaker association was found between moderate olfactory function and CHD risk, suggesting that olfactory decline could serve as a potential indicator for cardiovascular health.
The researchers utilized period-specific, cause-specific Cox regression models to validate these time-varying associations. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, indicating that the link between olfactory function and cardiovascular risk merits further investigation.
Expert Insights and Recommendations
Dr. Neil Shah, a noninvasive cardiologist at Northwell Health in New Hyde Park, New York, acknowledged the study’s implications, stating, “If there is a decline in one’s sense of smell that can’t be explained by some other means, or even if it can, it should be an opportunity to do a comprehensive risk assessment.” His insights underline the importance of recognizing sensory changes as potential markers for health assessments.
These findings present a compelling avenue for future research and public health initiatives aimed at improving cardiovascular health in older populations. The study emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to consider olfactory function as a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease, encouraging proactive measures for early detection and intervention.
The complete study is available in the journal, providing a comprehensive overview of the methodology and findings for those interested in the intersection of sensory function and cardiovascular health.