At the turn of the 21st century, neoliberalism was widely regarded as the dominant political framework. However, the landscape began to shift following the 2008 financial crisis, which sparked a global reassessment of economic policies and led to the emergence of populist movements. In a recent article published by Polity, authors Asaf Yakir and Doron Navot argue that the rise of populism in countries like Hungary and Israel signifies a fundamental break from the neoliberal order, rather than a mere continuation of it.
The authors highlight that while some scholars view populism as an extension of neoliberal principles, this perspective overlooks the critical shifts in political ideology that populism embodies. Populist movements often emerge in response to perceived failures of the neoliberal framework, particularly in addressing issues such as economic inequality, social justice, and national identity.
In Hungary, the ruling party, Fidesz, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, has adopted a populist approach that actively challenges the tenets of neoliberalism. Since coming to power in 2010, Orbán’s government has implemented policies that prioritize national interests over global economic norms. This shift is characterized by a pushback against foreign influence and a focus on local economic empowerment, which resonates with many voters disillusioned by traditional neoliberal policies.
Similarly, in Israel, the political landscape has shifted dramatically with the rise of populist figures who appeal directly to the public’s sentiments. Leaders like Benjamin Netanyahu have harnessed populist rhetoric to galvanize support, positioning themselves as defenders of national sovereignty against perceived external threats. This has led to a political climate where populist sentiments increasingly shape policy decisions, diverging from the neoliberal consensus that previously dominated.
Yakir and Navot’s analysis suggests that the implications of this populist surge extend beyond national borders. It raises critical questions about the future of global governance and economic policy. As populist leaders gain traction, they often challenge international institutions and agreements that are seen as upholding the neoliberal order. This has the potential to reshape not only domestic policies but also international relationships.
The authors argue that understanding populism as a rupture from neoliberalism provides valuable insight into current political dynamics. By recognizing the distinct motivations and goals of populist movements, policymakers and analysts can better engage with the evolving political landscape.
In conclusion, the interplay between populism and neoliberalism in Hungary and Israel highlights a significant shift in political ideology. Asaf Yakir and Doron Navot’s work serves as an important reminder that the rise of populism is not merely a response to neoliberalism’s challenges, but a profound transformation that could redefine the future of politics in these nations and beyond.