A significant number of adults in the UK are living with elevated cholesterol levels, a condition known as hypercholesterolaemia, often without their knowledge. According to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), nearly two in five adults are affected by this condition, which can lead to severe health complications such as heart attacks and strokes if left unmanaged.
Hypercholesterolaemia occurs when excess cholesterol accumulates in the bloodstream, primarily due to dietary choices, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Alarmingly, the condition often presents no clear symptoms, leaving many individuals unaware of their risk. The only definitive way to ascertain cholesterol levels is through a blood test.
Identifying Risk Factors and Symptoms
Certain demographics are at a greater risk of developing elevated cholesterol. Individuals aged 40 and older, those who are overweight, or those with a family history of cholesterol-related issues should monitor their health closely. In cases of familial hypercholesterolaemia, a hereditary form of high cholesterol, visible indicators may include:
– **Tendon xanthomata**: Swellings on the knuckles, knees, or Achilles tendon caused by cholesterol deposits.
– **Xanthelasmas**: Small yellowish lumps located near the inner corners of the eyes, indicative of cholesterol accumulation.
– **Corneal arcus**: A pale white ring surrounding the iris of the eye.
Additionally, symptoms may manifest in the feet and legs, often linked to a condition known as peripheral artery disease (PAD). This occurs when fatty deposits obstruct blood flow in the arteries. Key symptoms of PAD that may also suggest high cholesterol include:
– Pain in the legs or feet
– Non-healing ulcers on the legs or feet
– Changes in skin color, such as paleness or a bluish tint
– Hair loss on the legs
– Numbness or weakness in the legs
– Slow-growing or brittle toenails
– In men, erectile dysfunction
– Muscle wasting in the legs
Steps to Lower Cholesterol Levels
To mitigate the risk of developing high cholesterol, individuals can adopt several lifestyle changes. Recommendations include:
– Reducing intake of saturated fats found in foods like meat pies, butter, and cakes.
– Incorporating more unsaturated fats into the diet, such as those found in salmon, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
– Engaging in at least 150 minutes of physical activity each week.
– Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption.
If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned or have concerns about your cholesterol levels, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional. Taking proactive steps can lead to better health outcomes and potentially prevent serious medical issues in the future.