Displays of affection, such as hugging, kissing, and holding hands, have long been associated with improved health outcomes, including reduced stress and enhanced mood. A new study published on July 1, 2025, in PLOS One reveals that these affectionate behaviors are also linked to higher relationship satisfaction across different cultures, despite varying social norms.
The research, conducted by a team from the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, explores how public and private displays of affection influence relationship satisfaction in diverse cultural contexts. The study involved 461 adults aged 18 to 49, all in heterosexual relationships, from Poland, Indonesia, and Nepal. These countries were selected for their distinct cultural, religious, and social norms regarding public displays of affection (PDA).
Measuring Affection Across Cultures
The researchers employed the Public and Private Romantic Display of Affection Scale (PPRDAS) to assess how participants expressed affection both publicly and privately. Participants also rated their relationship satisfaction on a scale from 1 (very unsuccessful) to 5 (very successful).
Across all three countries, a clear positive correlation emerged between displays of affection and relationship satisfaction. Notably, Nepali participants reported the highest levels of relationship satisfaction, followed by Polish and Indonesian participants. The findings underscore how cultural norms shape these expressions of affection.
Cultural Norms and Affection
In Poland, where attitudes towards PDAs are generally more accepting, participants reported higher levels of public displays of affection. In contrast, Indonesian participants, who experience more negative societal attitudes towards PDAs, reported the lowest levels of such displays. When it came to private displays of affection, Polish participants again led, scoring higher than their Nepali and Indonesian counterparts.
“Our findings highlight the influence of cultural norms on the expression of romantic affection and suggest that relationship satisfaction is closely tied to affectionate behaviors, albeit with variations shaped by cultural context,” the researchers noted.
Implications for Relationships and Beyond
The study’s findings have significant implications for therapists and couples navigating relationship challenges. Encouraging affectionate behavior, while respecting cultural norms, can strengthen romantic bonds. This insight is particularly valuable for multicultural couples or those living in diverse societies.
Moreover, the research offers practical applications for the travel industry. By understanding local norms regarding displays of affection, travelers can better respect cultural sensitivities, enhancing their experiences abroad.
Expert Opinions and Future Directions
Experts in the field of psychology and sociology emphasize the importance of understanding cultural contexts when addressing relationship dynamics. Dr. Anna Kowalski, a cultural psychologist, explains, “Affectionate behaviors are not just personal expressions but are deeply embedded in cultural frameworks. Recognizing this can help couples navigate differences more effectively.”
Looking ahead, further research could explore how these findings apply to non-heterosexual relationships or in countries with rapidly changing social norms. As societies evolve, so too might the expressions and perceptions of affection.
Conclusion
The study by the University of Silesia provides a nuanced understanding of how affection influences relationship satisfaction across cultures. By highlighting the role of cultural norms, it offers valuable insights for individuals, couples, therapists, and industries alike. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, such research becomes ever more pertinent, guiding us towards more empathetic and informed interactions.
For those interested in delving deeper into the study, the full research is available in PLOS One, authored by Dagna Kocur and colleagues. The findings not only enrich academic discourse but also offer practical guidance for fostering healthier, happier relationships worldwide.