Research published on February 5, 2026, in the International Journal of the Energy-Growth Nexus highlights the significant role of education and training in reducing carbon emissions within BRICS nations—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. This study, led by Anshita Sachan and her team, suggests that investing in human capital can be a powerful tool in addressing environmental degradation, particularly in the context of climate change.
The findings are drawn from a comprehensive analysis of data spanning several years from the BRICS countries, which collectively account for a substantial share of the global population, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers identified a strong correlation between higher levels of human capital and lower levels of environmental harm, primarily measured through carbon emissions.
Human Capital and Environmental Impact
Human capital encompasses the education, skills, and knowledge of a workforce, typically assessed through indicators like years of schooling and training. The study reveals that improvements in human capital correlate with reduced emissions across the BRICS economies. This trend remains consistent across various statistical methods employed to address potential biases, including cultural and social differences and the interaction between economic growth and pollution levels.
The research is grounded in endogenous growth theory, which posits that long-term economic advancement relies on knowledge and innovation rather than merely physical resources. A more educated and skilled workforce is better positioned to foster the development and adoption of cleaner technologies, enhance energy efficiency, and adhere to environmental regulations.
Furthermore, the correlation between innovation—measured through patent activity—and improved environmental results underscores the potential for technological advancements to decouple economic growth from increased emissions.
The Role of Globalization and Trade
Globalization also plays a critical role in environmental quality, facilitating technology transfer and the sharing of cleaner production techniques across borders. However, the study points out a contrasting effect of trade openness. Increased international trade can lead to higher levels of environmental degradation within BRICS nations, as it often promotes the growth of pollution-intensive industries and the importation of environmentally inefficient technologies.
As emerging economies continue to drive both global growth and emissions, the implications of this study are significant. It underscores the necessity of prioritizing education and training within climate and environmental strategies. Policies aimed at enhancing access to quality education, increasing average schooling years, and bolstering research and development could yield substantial environmental benefits while simultaneously providing economic advantages.
Nevertheless, the research emphasizes that improving trade policies and environmental regulations is crucial to ensure that economic growth does not come at the expense of environmental sustainability.
This analysis by Anshita Sachan and her colleagues provides a compelling argument for integrating educational investment into broader strategies aimed at mitigating climate change, highlighting the interconnectedness of human capital and environmental health in the context of the BRICS nations.