The Republic of Croatia has officially reintroduced compulsory military service, responding to rising concerns over the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war and regional instability in the Balkans. The Croatian Parliament, known as the Sabor, approved the measure with an overwhelming vote of 84 to 11, amending both the country’s Defense Act and the Armed Forces Service Act. This legislative change mandates two months of basic military training for young citizens, aiming to equip them with essential crisis-response skills.
Under the new regulations, individuals born in 2007 will undergo medical examinations by the end of this year. Those who object to military service on religious or moral grounds will have the option to serve as civil servants for a period of three to four months. According to Croatian Defense Minister Ivan Anušić, the first group of conscripts is expected to begin training in January 2026, with a target of enlisting 4,000 recruits annually.
Modern Training for a Changing Landscape
The reintroduced military program emphasizes contemporary warfare techniques, including cybersecurity, first aid, drone operation, and advanced survival skills. Anušić highlighted Croatia’s ambition to position itself as a leading player in European drone production, noting that local manufacturers currently produce thousands of first-person-view (FPV) drones utilizing exclusively Croatian technology.
This shift marks a significant change for Croatia, which suspended conscription in 2008. The deteriorating security situation in the region, particularly concerning tensions with neighboring Serbia, has prompted the government to bolster its armed forces and seek military partnerships. Earlier in 2025, Croatia entered a trilateral military agreement with Albania and Kosovo, a move that faced considerable backlash from Serbia.
Regional Security Initiatives
The agreement between Croatia, Albania, and Kosovo aims to enhance security through joint training exercises, interoperability, and the ability to counter hybrid threats, such as cybersecurity breaches and disinformation campaigns. The defense ministers of the three nations have underscored the necessity of cooperation in addressing these pressing security challenges.
As Croatia prepares to reinstate conscription, the focus remains on adapting to a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape. The country’s commitment to strengthening its military capabilities reflects a broader trend among nations in the region as they navigate the complexities of modern warfare and international relations.